Types of trauma1/25/2024 Survivors of an unintentionally human-caused traumatic event may feel angry and frustrated because of the lack of protection or care offered by the responsible party or government, particularly if there has been a perceived act of omission. ![]() However, a person or group of people is typically the target of the survivors’ anger and blame. The subsequent reactions to these traumas often depend on their intentionality. They are either intentional, such as a convenience store robbery at gunpoint, or unintentional, such as the technological accident of a bridge collapse (as occurred in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 2007 U.S. Human-caused traumas are fundamentally different from natural disasters. ![]() Therefore, it isn’t just the natural disaster or event that can challenge an individual or community often, the consequences of the event and behavioral responses from others within and outside the community play a role in pushing survivors away from effective coping or toward resilience and recovery. Examples include the threat of others stealing what remains of personal property, restrictions on travel or access to property or living quarters, disruption of privacy within shelters, media attention, and subsequent exposure to repetitive images reflecting the devastation. The amount, accessibility, and duration of relief services can significantly influence the duration of traumatic stress reactions as well as the recovery process.Īlongside the disruption of daily routines, the presence of community members or outsiders in affected areas may add significant stress or create traumatic experiences in and of themselves. Trauma-informed behavioral health service providers understand that many influences shape the effects of trauma among individuals and communities-it is not just the event that determines the outcome, but also the event’s context and the resultant interactions across survivors of natural trauma respond to the experience often depends on the degree of devastation, the extent of individual and community losses, and the amount of time it takes to reestablish daily routines, activities, and services (e.g., returning to school or work, being able to do laundry, having products to buy in a local store). This chapter’s main objective is to highlight the key characteristics of traumatic experiences. The three main foci are: types of trauma, objective and subjective characteristics of trauma, and individual and sociocultural features that serve as risk or protective factors. Using the social-ecological model outlined in Part 1, Chapter 1, this chapter explores some of the contextual and systemic dynamics that influence individual and community perceptions of trauma and its impact. This chapter explores several main elements that influence why people respond differently to trauma. ![]() It is normal to experience such events across the lifespan often, individuals, families, and communities respond to them with resilience. Traumatic experiences typically do not result in long-term impairment for most individuals.
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